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Publicación Acceso abierto Characterization of Lethal Zika Virus Infection in AG129 Mice.(Estados Unidos: PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 2016., 2019-09-27) Aliota, Matthew T.; Caine, Elizabeth A.; Walker, Emma C.; Larkin, Katrina E.; Camacho, Erwin; Osorio, Jorge E.Zika virus (ZIKV; Flaviviridae, Flavivirus) has emerged out of Africa and caused outbreaks of febrile disease in Yap islands of the Federated states of Micronesia [1], French Polynesia [2], and Oceania; and in late 2015 Brazil reported the first known local transmission of ZIKV in the Americas [3]. The current outbreak in the Americas is cause for great concern because ZIKV appears to be spreading nearly uncontrolled with at least 24 countries and territories experiencing autochthonous spread, including Puerto Rico. Eventual local spread in the southern United States seems inevitable. Clinically, infection with ZIKV resembles dengue fever and several other arboviral diseases [4], but has been linked to neurological syndromes and congenital malformation [5,6]. Alarmingly, the rate of microcephaly (small head, reduced brain size, impaired neurocognitive development) in infants born to pregnant women has increased significantly (20-fold in 2015) in areas with high ZIKV incidence in Brazil [7]. There is increasing evidence that ZIKV infection may be causing this and other birth defects [6]; resulting in numerous CDC travel advisories and several countries recommending women delay pregnancy for up to two years. Prior to this, ZIKV existed in relative obscurity with only sporadic human infections until the end of the last century.Publicación Acceso abierto Mitochondrial DNA divergence between wild and laboratory populations of Anopheles albimanus Wiedemann (Diptera: Culicidae).(Londrina, Brasil: Neotropical Entomology, 2005., 2019-10-25) Arias, Lida; Bejarano, Eduar E.; Márquez, Edna; Moncada, John; Vélez, Iván; Uribe, Sandra; Sociedad Entomológica de Brasil.Studies of insect vectors may be facilitated by using laboratory colonies. However, it has been suggested that the colony insects are not representative of natural populations, sometimes yeal ding to erroneous interpretations of the intraspecific genetic variation between the individuals. In the present study the variability of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome b was evaluated among a closed laboratory colony of Anopheles albimanus that was founded 20 years ago and the field population from which it was derived. The analyses revealed the presence of five and three nucleotide haplotypes in the wild and colony populations, respectively. Wild individuals presented greater variability than those of the colony based on the number of polymorphic sites, haplotype diversity, nucleotide diversity and mean values of nucleotide differences. The mean and net numbers of nucleotide substitutions per site between populations and the significant FST value calculated (0,37179, P = 0.05) indicate that there is a considerable degree of genetic differentiation between them. The phylogenetic tree showed that the colony haplotypes appear to be derived from the wild population. These results suggest a great genetic variability in wild specimens compared with the laboratory ones as a consequence of a long time of colonization.